Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas, a gland within the abdomen, is called Pancreatitis.
The pancreas is composed of two portions. The first portion produces enzymes that are secreted into the intestine. This enzyme aids in digestion. While the second portion produces insulin. Insulin is a hormone necessary in the regulation of sugar in the blood and its ability to be utilized by the cells that make up the body.
In acute pancreatitis, the signs we see are due to the enzyme-producing portion of the gland being inflamed.
Both the severity and the outcome of pancreatitis is quite variable. Some dogs show only minimal discomfort and an elevation in pancreatic enzymes while in others pancreatitis is a life-threatening disease.
Multiple factors can contribute to the development of pancreatitis. Certain medications, infections; metabolic disorders including Hyperlipidemia (high amounts of lipid in the blood) and Hypercalcemia (high amounts of calcium in the blood); and trauma and shock can be associated with the development of pancreatitis. Middle-aged dogs appear to be at increased risk of developing pancreatitis; as a breed, Schnauzers and Yorkshire Terriers appear to be more prone to pancreatitis. Nutrition also plays a role.
Common symptoms of the acute form of pancreatitis in dogs include a very painful abdomen, abdominal distention, lack of appetite, depression, dehydration, a 'hunched up' posture, vomiting, diarrhea and yellow, greasy stool. Fever often accompanies these symptoms.
Dogs who are experiencing severe pain can be treated with pain relievers such as Meperidine or Butorphanol. Antibiotics are often administered prophylactically to protect against infection.
If the pancreatitis was caused by a medication, the medication should be stopped. If it was caused by a toxin, infection, or other condition, appropriate therapy for the underlying condition should be started.
In rare instances, where there are intestinal complications or the development of a pancreatic abscess, surgery may be necessary.
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